Supreme Court Overturns Death Sentence Due to Inadequate Fair Trial

Supreme Court Overturns Death Sentence Due to Inadequate Fair Trial

The Supreme Court (SC) has set aside a death sentence due to significant lapses in the trial, particularly the failure to provide competent legal representation, which led to the denial of a fair trial for the appellant.

Referring to the case Anokhilal v. State of M.P. (2019), the SC emphasized that legal aid must be "effective and meaningful," not simply nominal, as guaranteed under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.

What is a Fair Trial?
A fair trial is a fundamental human right that ensures individuals are treated justly and equitably within the legal system. It protects against unlawful deprivation of rights and ensures the safeguarding of basic freedoms for all individuals.

Principles of a Fair Trial

• Presumption of Innocence (State of U.P. v. Naresh): Every accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty, and the prosecution bears the burden of proof.
• Independent Judiciary (Shyam Singh v. State of Rajasthan; Article 50): Judges must remain free from executive influence, ensuring impartiality in judicial decisions.
• Speedy Trial (Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar; Article 21): Delays in trial proceedings infringe upon the right to life and liberty.
• Protection Against Double Jeopardy (Article 20(2)): No individual can be tried or punished twice for the same offense, ensuring legal certainty and protection from repeated prosecution.

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