Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) Slowing Down, Warn Scientists

Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) Slowing Down, Warn Scientists

Recent studies have raised concerns that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) may slow by approximately 20% by 2050 under high carbon emissions scenarios.

What is ACC?

The ACC is the largest and strongest wind-driven current on Earth, circulating clockwise around Antarctica, powered by strong westerly winds. It is the only current that encircles the globe, connecting the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.

Significance of ACC:

• Barrier for Warmer Waters: As a cold current, the ACC acts as a barrier that prevents warmer ocean waters from reaching Antarctica.
• Heat and Carbon Dioxide Uptake: The ACC plays a critical role in the ocean’s absorption of heat and carbon dioxide.
• Prevents Invasive Species: It prevents species such as bull kelp, shrimp, and mollusks from other continents from reaching Antarctica.

Reasons for the Weakening of ACC:

1. Changes in Ocean Salinity: Accelerated melting of ice shelves around Antarctica, driven by global warming, has weakened the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). AABW is a vital process for global ocean circulation and is directly linked to the ACC.

2. Changes in Wind Patterns: Climate change can alter the westerly wind patterns in the Southern Hemisphere, affecting the strength of the ACC.

3. Positive Feedback Loop: Reduced sea ice can intensify warming and freshwater input, creating a feedback loop that further weakens the ACC.

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