Directorate of Enforcement is responsible for investigating

FEMA, 1999

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed state-owned banks to penalize companies for violating the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999, by obtaining guarantees from overseas banks.

About FEMA, 1999:

• FEMA replaced the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA), 1973.
• Objective: To facilitate external trade and payments, and to promote the orderly development of the foreign exchange market.
• Jurisdiction: It applies within India and to Indian entities operating abroad.
• Enforcement: The Directorate of Enforcement is responsible for investigating violations under this Act.

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Ongole Breed

A cow of the Ongole breed, named Viatina-19, has set a record in Brazil by selling for 41 crores at an auction.

About Ongole Breed:

• Also known as the Nellore breed, it originates from Andhra Pradesh.
• Characteristics: Ongole cattle are large-sized animals with a loosely structured frame. Their foreheads are broad between the eyes and slightly prominent, while their eyes are elliptical in shape.
• Other Notable Indigenous Breeds: Gir (Gujarat), Hallikar (Karnataka), Khillari (Maharashtra), Tharparkar (Rajasthan), and Deoni (Andhra Pradesh).

Jagadish Chandra Bose

The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) has launched the J. C. Bose Grant (JBG), a new initiative to recognize the contributions of senior Indian scientists.

About Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858–1937):

• He was the first Asian to receive a US patent in 1904.
• Bose conducted pioneering research in radio microwave optics and is considered the father of radio and wireless communication.

Key Contributions:

• He was the first to demonstrate that plants can feel pain and affection.
• Key Inventions:
  • The Crescograph, used to measure tree growth.
  • The first wireless detection devices.
• Bose founded the Bose Institute in 1917, which remains a premier research institution.
• He is regarded as the father of Bengali science fiction.

Notable Literary Works:

• "On the Similarity of Responses in Inorganic and Living Matter,"
• "The Nervous Mechanism of Plants,"
• "Niruddesher Kahini" (The Story of the Missing One).

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