Global Biodiversity

Study Emphasizes the Importance of Seagrass Conservation for Global Biodiversity

A recent review published in Nature Reviews Earth & Environment highlights the vital role of seagrass beds in supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services, the major threats they face, and potential conservation opportunities.

About Seagrasses
Seagrasses are marine flowering plants that thrive in shallow, coastal waters, typically found in estuarine and oceanic environments. Often referred to as the "lungs of the sea," they play a critical role in oxygen production through photosynthesis, which significantly contributes to marine ecosystems.

Distribution of Seagrasses
Seagrasses are found on every continent except Antarctica.
In India, they are located in:

• Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay regions on the east coast
• Gulf of Kachchh region on the west coast
• The lagoons of islands in Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal

Significance of Seagrasses

• Biodiversity Support: Seagrass meadows provide habitat for 121 species of conservation concern and 746 fish species.
• Carbon Sequestration: Seagrasses capture carbon 35 times faster than rainforests, storing 10-18% of the ocean's carbon despite covering less than 0.1% of the seafloor.
• Coastal Protection: They help protect coastlines from storms and erosion by reducing wave impact.
• Economic Value: Seagrass ecosystems are valued at $6.4 trillion annually and support over 20% of global fishery landings, benefiting industries such as fishing and tourism.

Threats to Seagrasses
Seagrasses face numerous threats, including urban, industrial, and agricultural runoff; coastal development; dredging; unregulated fishing and boating activities; and climate change.

Initiatives to Protect Seagrasses

• Global Initiatives:

  • UNEP Community Manual: Launched by UNEP and partners, this manual guides community-based seagrass conservation projects.
  • Seagrass Watch: A collaborative program that trains volunteers and organizations to monitor and conserve seagrass habitats.
  • Blue Carbon Initiative: Focuses on coastal ecosystems, including seagrasses, for carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation.

• Indian Initiatives:

  • National Policy on Marine Fisheries: Recognizes the importance of seagrasses, along with mangroves and coral reefs, in maintaining coastal marine ecosystems.
  • Climate Resilience Project: Supported by a grant from the Global Climate Fund, this project in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Odisha aims to enhance coastal climate resilience through the protection and restoration of natural ecosystems, including seagrasses.

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