SpaDeX Mission

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has successfully undocked the SpaDeX satellite, following the successful docking of two satellites – SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target) – in January 2025. This achievement makes India the fourth country, after the United States, Russia, and China, to demonstrate in-space docking technology.

About the SpaDeX Mission
The SpaDeX mission is a technology demonstration designed to develop and showcase capabilities in in-space docking, rendezvous, and undocking using two small satellites: SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target). These satellites were launched aboard the PSLV-C60 rocket.
The SpaDeX spacecraft were developed and built by the UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) in Bengaluru, with support from other ISRO centers, including VSSC, LPSC, SAC, IISU, and LEOS. Established in 1976, URSC is the lead center of ISRO, responsible for the design, development, assembly, and integration of communication, navigation, remote sensing, scientific, and small satellite missions.

Technological Innovations in SpaDeX

• Docking Mechanism: A low-impact, androgynous docking system that ensures a smooth connection between the spacecraft.
• Inter-Satellite Communication Link (ISL): Facilitates real-time data transfer between the two spacecraft.
• GNSS-Based Relative Orbit Determination: Ensures accurate navigation and control during the docking process.
• Power Transfer Technology: Demonstrates energy transfer between docked satellites.
• Autonomous Rendezvous and Docking Algorithms: Enable precise maneuvering of satellites in orbit.

Post-Docking Applications
After docking and undocking, the satellites will continue independent payload operations, including:

• High-Resolution Imaging (SDX01): Capturing images for Earth observation.
• Multi-Spectral Payload (SDX02): Monitoring natural resources and vegetation.
• Radiation Monitoring (SDX02): Studying space radiation for future human missions.

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